The Plains Zebra Essays - Zebras, Fauna Of Africa, Equus

The Plains Zebra The Plains Zebra Profound black, blinding cream, these are the shades of the zebra. The zebra is one special creature. Zebras are one of the radiant creatures in Africa. About the size of a little pony, these astounding creatures are around 50-53 creeps in stature. At the point when a male zebra grows up, he can weigh as much as 520 pounds! It is ideal that the female zebra is well disposed. It can gauge an incredible 510 pounds, nearly as much as the male! Zebras ordinarily don't assault except if undermined however, whew! The enormous creature, the zebra, mates lasting through the year, however generally during the early stormy season. Eighteen male zebras fight it out with the predominant male at that specific opportunity to see who has the options to mate with the main female. In three years, female zebras can mate, and the is capable when he is around five. Found basically in the Southern Savanna, these ravenous zebras can likewise be found in the parched fields of eastern Africa. They are additionally found in numerous national parks since trackers murder incalculable zebras for their beautiful hide, much as the elephant for its tusks. During the day, zebras are not as dynamic as they are around evening time. The zebra effectively adjusts to pretty much anything Africa can toss at them, from poachers to food deficiency. Thusly, one of the best herbivores in Africa. These agreeable zebras primary predator is the lion. When assaulted by a lion, the zebra makes it hard to eat only one zebra, so it is somewhat just for one, and one for all! as the Three Musketeers would state. Likewise, poachers present another issue. Individuals are attempting to stop the chasing of jeopardized creatures, however insofar as individuals reserve the option to carry weapons, we will continue running into this repulsive issue. The poachers get a huge entirety of cash for executing these defenseless, imperiled creatures, and selling their hide on the underground market. Zebras are Africa's most splendid painted ponies. They are really surprising creatures. I figure one ought to go see the zebras at the close by Great Plains Zoo to get a genuine thought of what they resemble. A debt of gratitude is in order for perusing my report on a remarkable creature, The Plains Zebra. Book reference (none)

Separate Peace Theme Essay essays

Separate Peace Theme Essay articles During the most recent a little while, I have appreciated perusing A Separate Peace in this book Finny and Gene are confronted with numerous circumstances that nipple there companion transport. It likewise shows numerous topics one of them being getting away from structure reality. I have relaixed that getting away from realty is something individuals do each day in some fore climate it be in liteature or appreciating a walk. A Separate Peace, a novel by John Knowles, is based around escapes from the real world. . The first of these circumstances happens when Leper, a companion of Finny and Gene, and an understudy at Devon school enrolls into the military during world war two. Untouchable getaways from the truth of the war by relinquishing his brain. Quality, the fundamental character, goes to visit Leper when he comes back from the war in the wake of getting a release for his madness. Untouchable discloses to Gene how he left the war in the wake of getting silly. Pariahs fall into craziness is a break from reality since he fled from the torment, enduring, and fears he encountered during the war. Untouchable genuinely got away from the excruciating truth of war, by going crazy. The second circumstance that outlines a departure from the truth is when Gene and Finny don't recognize the war, in light of the fact that Finny had broken his lower leg, and couldn't join the war exertion. Quality chooses to avoid battle with Finny so he would not be separated from everyone else. They made accept the war was not genuine, to conceal the way that Finny couldn't enroll with the remainder of the young men at Devon. This is a getaway from reality in light of the fact that Finny and Gene were escaping the way that Gene was not enrolling in light of the fact that he felt frustrated about Finny. Finny and Gene made a getaway so Gene could facilitate his blameworthy cognizant on the grounds that he was the explanation behind Finnys injury. Another circumstance where Finny and Gene escape from reality happens throughout the mid year meeting at Devon School. During this time, Finny and Gene overlook that there are different cares on the planet other than what was directly in front o ... <!

Blog Archive Friday Factoid Kellogg is NOT Just a Marketing School

Blog Archive Friday Factoid Kellogg is NOT Just a Marketing School As we all know, Kellogg is just a marketing school, right? Actually, no. A quick glance at the schools most recent employment report  (click on the function tab) reveals that 40% of its Class of 2011 accepted jobs in consulting, and only 19% went into marketing, its second most popular functional area.  Yes, BCG, McKinsey Company, Bain Company and Deloitte  were the school’s top hirers in 2011.   Kellogg students credit their management labsâ€"wherein first-year students work on a consulting project and are mentored by consultants from leading firms (before their summer internships)â€"with preparing them for success in their internships and full-time positions. Meanwhile, a variety of other hands-on experiences are also available, including the “Global Lab” (students work with an international firm), “Advanced Topics in Marketing” (students analyze a marketing issue and present it to management) and “Leading the Mission Driven Organization” (students offer management expertise to nonprofits).  Not to worry, though, if you are interested in marketing, Kellogg still has ample resources for you. Share ThisTweet Friday Factoids Northwestern University (Kellogg)

Femininity, Masculinity, And Masculinity - 861 Words

Womanhood is often associated with femininity while manhood with masculinity. Masculinity is the idea that men are tough both physically and mentally. Femininity, a term associated with being women is used to describe a women’s comportment and attitude. A gentle individual male or female, who wears dresses, skirts, high heels, makeup, and has long hair would be identified as feminine. Unfortunately, society judges and criticizes a women who do not depict feminine characteristics. Such women are regarded as either homosexual or queer. I chose two pictures of Grace Jones to compare in this essay since she happens to be a gender bender and victim of alike persecutions. Additionally, Grace Jones is a supermodel and singer from Jamaica, who’s renowned for cross-dressing and artistic fashion styles (Williams). The picture titled, â€Å"Grace Jones/Nightclubbing,†was derived from the National Portrait Gallery,while the other from, â€Å"Essense† website, Jones demonstrates that women can be feminine or soft in one picture and masculine or hard in the other picture through her appearance. Despite being women, Jones s clothes appear manly in one picture and womanly in the other. Jones is wearing an Armani pitch-black jacket suit accompanied by a cigarette in her mouth in the first picture. Seeing how half of her head is shaved clean, the top part cut short and flat, it would be perceived as deviance, for men are expected to look in this manner. She stands upright, strong, which areShow MoreRelatedMasculinity : Masculinity And Femininity1083 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"[Masculinity/ femininity] refers to the extent to which a culture values aggressiveness, competitiveness, looking out for yourself, and dominating others and nature versus gentleness, cooperation, and taking care of others and living in harmony with the natural world.† (Wood) Toula is pressured to marry a nice greek man, while her brother is expected to marry a greek virgin but does not receive the same pressure. Gus also has some expectations of Nick to partake in masculine activities unlike ToulaRead Morefemininity and masculinity as single identities’1059 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿We have been asked to look at the following question ‘It is no longer possible in contemporary society to interpret femininity and masculinity as single identities’. Explain and critically assess this view illustrating your answers with reference to sociological theory, concepts and research. From the minute we are born our gender identity begins even thou we are not conscious of it. We are allocated roles, like buying pink clothes, dolls, and teapots for girls, and blue clothes, monsters, andRead MoreGender Bending : Femininity And Masculinity928 Words   |  4 Pages Gender Bending Womanhood is often associated with femininity while manhood with masculinity. Masculinity is the idea that men are tough both physically and mentally. Femininity, a term associated with being a women and used to describe a women’s comportment and attitude. A gentle individual, male or female, who wear dresses, skirts, high heels, makeup, have long hair is considered feminine. Unfortunately this term is used to define womanhood, if a womenRead MoreThe Reality Between Femininity And Masculinity Essay1910 Words   |  8 Pagesbetween the relationship of femininity and masculinity. This comes from recognition of gender as a social construct, and that there is an apparent difference in the expectation of how women should behave and present themselves. The focus is therefore on the construction of femininity, why is it that only women wear makeup and portray an artificial version of themselves? Consequently, masculinity, in itself, is considered true, natural and authent ic. Therefore how is femininity constructed and understoodRead MoreGender Stereotypes : Masculinity And Femininity1195 Words   |  5 Pagesthey makes assumptions of what male and female roles should be. It teaches kids early on that this is how you should act if you fall into a certain gender role. These films reinforce our cultural definition of how we as a society defines masculinity and femininity. It is not necessarily a right thing. But the idea of what a male and female characteristics should have and how they should act is so tightly bound to our western views that it is hard to not have stereotyped gender roles. It is an awfulRead MoreImages and Ideas of Femininity and Masculinity992 Words   |  4 PagesEngelska A, Professional English Cultural Studies IMAGES AND IDEAS OF FEMININITY AND MASCULINITY JOHANNA LINDBERG (861222-0148) Berit Ã…strà ¶m Spring 2010-03-14 Department of Language Studies Umeà ¥ University In this paper I will present an analysis of two fitness magazines, Self and Men’s Fitness. Having read a lot of fitness magazines myself, I am used to the way women’s magazinesRead MoreRelationship Between Masculinity And Femininity1177 Words   |  5 Pagesorder to make the team and play soccer. She does this in order to prove that â€Å"she’s the man† and to demonstrate to the men’s coach that girls can play just as good as boys. This romantic comedy is noted for its contrasting elements between masculinity and femininity. I will be focusing primarily on how the feministic features are different from today’s patriarchal films. The features include: a strong female main character, her reversed gender role, the female gaze, the film’s female screen writersRead MoreThe Roles of Masculinity and Femininity in Macbeth Essay1589 Words   |  7 Pagesprominent and permeating theme in Macbeth is the roles and characteristics of masculi nity and femininity. Throughout the play Shakespeare presents the audience with strong and sometimes conflicting views of these gender roles. What exactly defines being a man or a woman? How does an individual’s grasp of these roles effect their actions? Shakespeare shows that a clear and accurate understanding of the concept of masculinity is of critical importance in the success of a ruler. In particular, he illustratesRead MoreMasculinity And Femininity : Sophocles Play Antigone 1240 Words   |  5 PagesThis essay will focus on the messages about masculinity and femininity from Sophocles’ play Antigone. For class we watched the Greek film version of the play from 1961 which is in Greek but it has English Subtitles. The essay will use both male and female characters from Antigone to show examples of masculinity and femininity. There are characters that are either positive or negative, characters that serve as role models, or characters who show what not to b e like. First I will write about the positiveRead MoreDefining Masculinity And Femininity Through Advertisements841 Words   |  4 PagesToday the media has a way of defining masculinity and femininity through advertisements. Different advertisements have different ways of defining masculinity and femininity. In an Emporio Armani Diamonds Fragrance advertisement, it advertises vivid visual elements to convey the idea that masculinity means being, desirable, handsome, over-confident, powerful and extremely wealthy. The definition of the Emporio Diamond add is achieved through the uses of stunning models, facial expressions, body language

Cool - 1344 Words

INTRODUCTION WHAT IS LOVE? Love is a special and complicated emotion which is quite difficult to understand. Most people believe the love revolves around the heart but it actually occurs; in the brain. Love is a variety of different feelings, states, and attitudes; that ranges from interpersonal affection, I love my mother to insight, I love that meal. Love is an emotion of a strong attraction and personal attachment which can also be a virtue; representing human kindness, compassion, and affection. Love can be displayed towards other humans, ones self and animals. The word love can have a variety of related but distinct meanings in different contexts. There are four different types of love, AGAPE, EROS, STORGE, and PHILIA.†¦show more content†¦The parable tells of a man traveling from Jerusalem to Jericho, and while on the way he is robbed of everything he had, including his clothing, and is beaten to within an inch of his life. That road was treachorously winding and was a favorite hideout of robbers and thieves. He spends no time describing the priest and only tells of how he showed no love or compassion for the man by failing to help him and passing on the other side of the road so as not to get involved. If there was anyone who would have known God’s law of love, it would have been the priest. By nature of his position, he was to be a person of compassion, desiring to help others. Unfortunately, â€Å"love† was not a word for him that required action on the behalf of someone else. The next person to pass by in the Parable of the Good Samaritan is a Levite, and he does exactly what the priest did: he passes by without showing any compassion. Again, he would have known the law, but he also failed to show the injured man compassion.The next person to come by is the Samaritan, the one least likely to have shown compassion for the man. Samaritans were considered a low class of people by the Jews since they had intermarried with non-Jews and did not keep all the law. Therefore, Jews would have nothing to do with them. We do not know if the injured man was a Jew or Gentile, but it made no difference to the Samaritan; he did not consider the man’s race or religion. TheShow MoreRelatedShort Story: Losing My Cool673 Words   |  3 PagesLosing My Cool People face some type of conflict everyday of their life. An interpersonal conflict is an expressed struggle between at least two interdependent people who perceive incompatible goals, scare resources, or interference in the achievement of goals (Beebe, Beebe, and Redmond 221). When a conflict happens, the relationship between the parties of the conflict may become weakened or strengthened. However, when a conflict is handled well, the conflict can be productive and lead to a deeperRead MoreAn Athlete Is Not Cool For A Girl945 Words   |  4 Pagesyou could have told me, â€Å"Emily it is not cool to be an athlete,† but I enjoyed playing sports. And you could have told me, â€Å"Emily it’s not cool beating the boys in a one on one basketball game every time.† I would not have stopped. You could have told me, â€Å"Emily that it’s not cool for a girl to love sports.† It would not have matter. Then came high school and all of a sudden it was clear I had two options. I could somehow try to become one of the cool girls and try my hand at cheerleading, orRead MoreYoure Not Cool at All Essay773 Words   |  4 Pagesyoungsters , the seven dropouts â€Å"being cool† at the golden shovel in the story â€Å"We Real Cool† by Gwendolyn Brooks do not realize the amount of damage their doing to their futures by living the lifestyles they do. The work is a condensed yet concise statement on the recklessness of youth who are like cars without brakes in the frenzy of youth. They do not anticipate an accident awaiting them in their uncontrolled life. They do whatever they perceive to be â€Å"real cool,† (1) and this nonchalant uncaringRead MoreThe Movie Cool Hand Luke 1164 Words   |  5 PagesThe Movie â€Å"Cool Hand Luke† is about a middle-aged man who gets put into prison after getting caught cutting off the heads of parking meters. You view his ex perience in the prison and how he refuses to conform to the standards held by the jail and the rest of the current prisoners. Unfortunately at the end, Luke ends up getting shot and killed. After viewing the movie â€Å"Cool Hand Luke† there were three main psychological themes that were very prevalent on the basis of the film. The three PsychologicalRead MoreThe Movie Cool Hand Luke988 Words   |  4 Pages The movie Cool Hand Luke, has ethical and moral dilemmas that encourage the audience to delve deeper into the roles that ethics and morals play in society today. There are ethical and moral dilemmas that the characters face and for that historical and social time period there were viable solutions. There are moral values that guide the characters and historical experiences that shaped them. After a brief summary I will show two moral dilemmas, their outcome and alternatives. Also relating theRead MoreEssay on Nonconformity in Cool Hand Luke1200 Words   |  5 Pagesnot obey the officials of higher authority and protest in order to get the point across. These protests have been successful because of the mass numbers of supporters but also because they set out to change an unjust rule or norms. In the 1967 film Cool Hand Luke featuring Paul Newman, Lucas (Luke) has been sent to jail for beheading parking meters while intoxicated. During his time in jail, he disobeys both the de facto inmate leader and the wardens simply because he did not like to conform toRead MoreTheological Symbolism in Cool Hand Luke Essay1342 Words   |  6 Pagesthe 1967 prison film Cool Hand Luke, directed by Stuart Rosenberg, there are many examples of theological symbolism and religious themes. Most of the symbolism alludes to Jesus Christ, which is often utilized in film to add depth to the protagonist in the story. Such Christ figure symbolism can also be seen in films such as the 1999 hit The Matrix and the original Star Wars film (1977). Along with these visual suggestions, there are also thematic elements that underlie Cool Hand Luke which involveRead MoreEssay on Cool Hand Luke Movie Critique: Courage And Self-Respect759 Words   |  4 PagesCool Hand Luke directed by the reputable Stuart Rosenberg and nominated for four Oscars is a tragic tale of an ordinary individual rising up the courage to oppose the establishment, thus becoming a hero. Cool Hand Luke weaves a rich tapestry of the prison life on both sides of the establishment and the injustices of the system. In short Cool Hand Luke is a movie that focuses on the struggles of a single courageous man and his quest for freedom. After being incarcerated for a petty crime and sentRead MoreHow Does Ll Cool J And Ice T s Body Language, Clothing, And Setting Portray Them980 Words   |  4 Pagesforceful and destructive, and the other portrait shows a successful African American man that society doesn’t pay much attention to. LL Cool J looks very intelligent in his portrait compared to Ice T who displays himself as a dangerous person. LL Cool J and Ice T are both successful African American actors and Rappers well known in the entertainment industry. LL Cool J and Ice T’s Body language, clothing, and setting portray them as men who demand respect from people to preserve their manhood. KehindeRead MoreDescriptive Essay : My Love917 Words   |  4 Pagesreally liked grabbing tacos from Bakersfield, it was a great choice. And seeing your coffee shop and some of your other places you go was good. It will be nice to put some scenery to places so I can actually picture where you re at. Brown Town was cool too. I really enjoyed River Jam and our great spots we got along the river and at the restaurant. We do get lucky baby. That place is awesome. I am going to be jealous every time you tell me you are heading there. Maybe when I fly in for Hilton Head

Comparing Perfume Advertisements Essays - 608 Words

Comparing Perfume Advertisements For my media coursework I’m going to look at two printed advertisements selling perfumes. One of them is called â€Å"very irresistible by Givenchy† and the other one is â€Å"rush by Dolce Gabbana†. I’m going to compare the slogan, the logos, target audience and the selling techniques used. The target audience refers to who will buy the product. The perfumes are both used by women primarily but the advertisements are aimed at both male and females. The age group, which is aimed at is the younger end of the market up to mid thirties. As they are using young models you know it’s for younger women. The perfumes are priced reasonably so anyone could afford them. I†¦show more content†¦The Givenchy Company doesn’t use a logo in this particular advert because they show the celebrity covering most of the page, which replaces it. The Dolce Gabbana advert also doesn’t use a logo because they’ve written Dolce Gabbana out in full, possibly because Christmas is coming up and they are encouraging people to buy the product as a Christmas gift. By putting only DG, buyers might not recognise the company’s name and not buy its products. The woman in the Dolce Gabbana advert is a tanned model just wearing a bra. With prominent lip-gloss on her lips, she’s laying back. She’s holding the perfume just over her chest showing the name of the brand. Promised land is used to indicate that if you use it you will look as sexy as her. The American actress Liv Tyler presents the new fragrance in a black and white advert. The advertisers have used the colour black and white to make the product seem sophisticated. To make the actual product stand out the only other colour used is pink which is the colour of the bottle. It also highlights the name of the fragrance ‘Irresistible’. Also in pink there is a small sentence saying ‘the new feminine fragrance’. Pink is used possibly because it is a girly colour. The layout is how all the written work and pictures are placed. The Givenchy advertisers have used bordersShow MoreRelatedEssay about Advertising and Ways to Expose New Products1347 Words   |  6 Pageswhat happening and know how to react to that action . Literature review : Nowadays advertisement has many methods to approach their customers’ interest . But, do company which made these advertisements exaggerate things to influence the way people think ? . Do all companies authentic and honest to people ? . And if some advertisements disguise their backwards from the people , how to distinguish which brand is trustful andRead MoreEssay about What are Ads Really Trying to Say?949 Words   |  4 PagesAdvertisements are everywhere in today’s society in the news, radio, on television, pretty much everywhere you go. They are everywhere to try to pull the consumer in to get you to feel, look, or act a certain way. They help consumer narrow their search in what products to buy. The two magazine articles that are being compared are both fragrance ads, Polo and Estee Lauder. I found them both in a cosmopolitan magazine which is a type of upper class magazine for women. Its current content in cludesRead MoreThe Ethnocentric Society of American Culture971 Words   |  4 PagesWhile comparing women and male magazines I noticed some differences in race and social class. â€Å"Social class is a group of people who share a similar economic position in a society, based on their wealth and income† (Newman 321). The majority of the women’s magazine advertisements conveyed white females that were upper class; this could because as women we want to be seen as glamorous, superior, and attractive. The common theme of the advertisements where about make-up and clothes; advertisements aboutRead MoreStylistic Analysis of the Advertising Slogan1927 Words   |  8 PagesStylistic Analysis Of The Advertising Slogan ---------Perfume Introduction Along with the rapid development of society and economy, advertisements have penetrated into every stratum of the society, becoming the indispensable part of our daily life. Like newspapers, magazines, television, radio, films, telephone directory, art performance, the Internet, and even the human body, advertising makes use of various media to deliver information to the consumerRead MoreAdvertisement Is An Essential Part Of Our Social Life1248 Words   |  5 PagesAdvertisement has become an essential part of our social life: it tells us what to buy and what to reject, how to look and what to wear in order to remain in the center of attention. Underestimating the power of advertisement is illogical and selfish, it does have an immense influence on our consciousness and subconsciousness. It is impossible to deny that we live in the era of consumerism: we earn money to buy things that define our personality. When the creators of Apple understood it they staredRead MoreMaketing Repo rt of Chanel2564 Words   |  11 PagesChanel N °5 is the earliest, the most successful and representative product of Chanel. This is because â€Å"With its links to Andy Warhol and Marilyn Monroe, its Ylang-Ylang from the Comoros and its Grasse Jasmine, N °5 remains the greatest and best known perfume in the world. This timeless classic, both contemporary and unusual, remains the absolute benchmark of feminine fragrances, entrancing, elegant and always modern. 3† N °5 has different smell at different stages: †¢ Top notes: Neroli from Grasse, Ylang-YlangRead MoreChanel Analysis Swot, 6 Ps5076 Words   |  21 Pageslaunched. KARL LAGERFELD In 1983 a new era of Chanel began by employing of Karl Lagerfeld as the art director for haut-couture, prà ªt-à  -porter and accessories, while the fashion label had almost been forgotten, Chanel was at the time only known for the perfumes . Lagerfeld kept the classical line and additionally created more modern clothes, skirts became shorter and new materials were used. Furthermore new products like watches (1987) and cosmetics (1999) were introduced. ART MOBILE CONTAINER The mostRead MorePostmodernism Has Changed The Representation Of Women1721 Words   |  7 Pagesthe way that they are because of their sex, the fact that they have more age determines the lack of representation throughout medium forms when comparing to a younger generation. When referring to images within advertisements, there are younger, beautiful women usually used within the advertisement to promote such skin care products, make up and perfume. Older women are not used anywhere near as much. Lemish and Muhlbauer (2012) argues, â€Å"Older women are framed as an â€Å"other† (i.e., marginal, defectiveRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Advertisements On Society Essay2513 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction Video advertisements are quick and momentary but their influence is pervasive and prolonged. The power of video advertisements shape norms and common societal expectations on how a person should look and behave. Overtime these gender roles (societal expectations associated with men and women) and behaviors become implicit thus implying normal (or in some instances ideal) men and women should exhibit these qualities and characteristics. Subconsciously, video advertisements impact a personRead MoreEssay on Cacharel Case Study1925 Words   |  8 PagesKapferer, chapter 11, p291) Figure 1 illustrates how components constitute a brand. It consists of brand style (visible components) and intangible elements in which identity is essentially made from the brand kernel. Based on that theory, the first perfume of Cacharel- Anais Anais, was launched in 1987, perceived as a luxury brand but affordable for young women consumers. In addition, it was tender but sexy and prestigious but innovation (2007, Insead). That conceptual component of Cacharel’s brand

Organizational Behavior of XYZ Staff Members

Questions: 1.Impact of Integration Model on attitudes, behavior and values of XYZ Staff Members2.Recommendation to deal with the Identified Issues in Big Energy Answers: Introduction In order to fulfill the objectives of an organization, attitudes, behavior as well as values of the employees act an important role. Hence, employer of the organization take care wellbeing of the employees for getting best possible benefit from them. However, merger between two organizations can bring fear and situations of conflicts between the employees of those organizations unless effective measure is taken by the employers. Armstrong (2012) stated that the management of an organization also needs to keep in mind that distrust and fear might not be arise that results loss in their work and feeling as cynical over the steps taken by the management (Nekoranec, 2013). Thus, managers of the organization have a crucial role to understand every matter and respect as well as treat them with proper importance. 1.Installing merger in XYZ have brought fear in the staffs members of the company by seeing chief executive as well as business member of the team of management made redundant and start integration of operation (Schwartza Boehnkeb, 2004). Job security becomes on the line as the structure of business were same type and duplicated functions such as two marketing departments and operational departments. Thus, it creates high possibility of losing the jobs of remaining staffs. The persisting staffs are left hanging with low morale. Majority of the government own energy organization and corporate process of sale. XYZ Energy has brought well established sales procedure that helps to be competitive in private sector for a record price. In addition, the action taken by the management of Big Energy were unethical as XYZ management team members need to be redundant without making any consideration of the effort as well as value putting in the procedure as well as systems of the company for integration. Utilizing the Schwartz model, conservation model explains the extent for motivating the employees to preserve status quo as well as certainty provided by it. McShane, OlekalnsTravaglione2013, p. 50) stated that there is any value congruence among the staffs and the company as it fails to recognize importance of the value in the existing process of XYZ Energy. It failed to recognize the importance of the values present in the existing procedure of XYZ energy along with systems. The work environment of Big Energy has given discourages that make values consistent in behavior, which generate negativity in the company. Attitudes are considered as cluster of beliefs and evaluated the feelings along with behavioral intentions for the persons, objects and event (McShane, OlekalnsTravaglione, 2013, p. 102). In addition, attitude is considered as organizational behavior for job satisfaction, which refers the interpretation of the persons job context. Thompson McHugh (2009) commented that the level of satisfaction directly affects absenteeism as well as turnover in the particular organization. Identifying dissatisfaction of the employees is required to use model. Being successful organization, XYZ Energy had a strong, established robust procedure and systems that can manage the business and its risks. Innovated new procedures in the areas provide important competitive benefits. The organization had loyal staffs relatively with low turnover ((Nekoranec 2013, p.96). Management of the organization had largely majority in the sales process that was announced for the staffs extremely proud of the value. The core business structure of the organization was not similar and operated in similar energy of retailing market. For an instance, it is required to be more commercial and efficient in trading as well as operational department. Chief executive along with functional members of the business is redundant to any types of integration of the operations at XYZ energy into Big Energy. Sally was retained for post sale that facilitates the parts of integrating into the operation. Big Energy needs to remove majority of the persistingstaffs as rapidly as pos sible for core competitions. The morale involved in XYZ Energy staffs to be plummeted for realizing that process. The team members are not allowed to compete based on the merits. Hence, it is required to focus on the innovative procedure as well as integration compared to the quality as well as long-term advantages (Manchanda, 2014, p. 1145). In addition, Sally felt strong beliefs that supported the development of the theory. It is important to attempt argument for senior management to revisit in the model of integration and leverage competitive benefits. However, work environment in Big Energy has discouraged value-consistent behavior, which may cause negativity to the particular organization. Perkins and Raisa (2013) asserted that level of satisfaction among the employees directly affects on turnover as well as absenteeism in the organization. Exit-Voice-Loyalty-Neglect model is useful to identify dissatisfaction among the staffs of the organization (Greenberg 2011). In the model, exit is about more number of employees selecting to leave the particular organization. Voice can be referred as Sally JohnSon trying to speak to the superior management in Big Energy related to the requirements and reanalyze the process of integration model and priorities to maintain as well as advantages completely from its competitive benefits as well as proficient staffs. Chughtai (2013) asserted tha neglect is about reducing effort in work for declining moral amongst the persisting staffs, which results failure in Big Energy to leverage innovative syst ems as well as procedures to the advantages. There are also little chances to communicate among the staffs and senior management of the organization. They rarely turn up remote office in order to involve with new staffs in the team (Wright Bonnet 2007, p. 142). Communications between different managers as well as their negative working environment is considered as feedback that helps to determine positive working environment. The managers can provide subordinates to get a chance for interacting with them and solve the issues (McShane, OlekalnsTravaglione2013, p.111). It results fail in putting enough report for integration and any difference of their obstacle for getting success in the organization with the staffs. 2.(Kondalkar, 2007, p.83) mentioned that the organizations need to work in effective ethics and values for its employees. According to the concept of ethical principles, disruptive justice is considered as equal rewards along with burdens, which are similar to each other. Having instead of effort, it leads up to the process of sale previously. The management of the organization needs to be partial to the persisting employees of the organization. It allows the staffs to compete for the jobs, which is based on the merit. It is not ethical to the organization e= for simplifying the tasks for XYZ employees (Edwards and Cable, 2009). In this context, big fish eat small fishes. In this regard, upper hand gets priority in the bigger situation. The management of Big Energy requires being partial to other staffs of XYZ in order to make proper competition the jobs based on the job for investing more previously compared to leading up to the process of sale (Aura, 2010) Engagement of the employe es is vital to develop motivated workforce in the particular organization. Exception of the individual staffs is required to distribute fairly (Kondalka, 2007). Involvement of the staffs is required to develop motivated workforce. On the other hand, big energy generally overlooks long term advantages of the employee engagement. It leads to reject morale and staffs of the organization. Jaroslav (2013) stated that motivated employees have ability to generate high quality work. Thus, management of Big Energy needs to concentrate on motivation of their staffs as well as involving in the new team rather than focusing on speed of integration. According to Creed (2011), developing engaged workforce in an organization needs proper commitments of the employees and management of the organization. Therefore, effective commitments in work explain the mindset and positivity of the organization in fulfilling the target as well as supportive work environment. It also deals with the staffs in proper manner and acknowledgement that can contribute and provide scopes for development of the staffs in the organization. In this situation, management of Big Energy may develop appropriate commitment through fairly training the employees. The process would be based on the merit of them at the time of retaining their jobs. In addition, acknowledgement of the innovative procedure as well as systems is owed to hard work of the staff members of XYZ. Thus, it is required to be supportive for Sally Johnson in terms of retaining staffs of XYZ. XYZ Energy had honest and loyal employees with low rate of turnover along with well respected team. It makes a contrast with present situation as low rate of morale and leaving job by several people. However, staffs likely to remain in the current situation while moral situation is high. Creed (2011) stated that Brad Bird focuses on the significance of job satisfaction and explains the process of transforming a dollar to three dollars by using high morale. In this situation, management of Big Energy needs to align values of the organization with its staffs. Jaroslav (2013) commented that employees were proud for value developed by them for the organization in the process of sale. On the other hand, Big Energy has failed to create any significant value in the staffs of the organization instead of emphasizing on integration speed. As a result, long term advantages are hampered in Big Energy. Thus, it is required to ensure satisfaction and commitment along with low rate of turnover. Big Energy had value shapes in attitude as well as behavior. Hence, value of the organization and individuals are similar, there will be less chance to generate conflicts as well as positive attitudes as the result of any types of decisions. It ensures satisfaction as well as commitment towards the organization. Value congruence generates better job satisfaction and intent for retaining in the particular organization. It is important in an organization to have effective communication (Morgeson et al. 2013). Hence, in order to teach as well as influence subordinates and reporting along with seeking approval needs to interact with other and require sound communication among the staffs of the organization. Edwards and Cable (2009) commented that management of the organization can understand demand of the staffs through interacting with them. Effective communication also plays a vital role to motivate employees. Kondalkar (2007, p.83) stated that proper communication between the managers with their subordinates is considered as proper feedback and influence the growth of positive environment for working. Therefore, it is recommended for the management of Big Energy to participate in the activities and encourage staffs to interact with more number of people. Goal-setting theory can be helpful to motivate and influence behavior of the staffs. In addition, communication needs to be useful while it comes to the part of motivation for employees. Effective communication is essential at the time of providing feedback. It is the part of procedure of motivating the staffs, which usually comes with the setting of target. Hence, it is recommended to the management of the organization to participate actively for empowering them to communicate between each other. The management of the organization need to play a crucial part through providing scheduled feedbacks to enhance overall performance in the workplace. Conclusion Success of XYZ Energy is not blessed with getting success of being the organization, which has powerful procedures as well as systems. However, strong procedure and system are the strengths of XYZ energy along with well-respected management and loyal employees. The management team of Big Energy unable to possess similar abilities to obtain respect from the staffs for having wrong priorities as well as lack of comprehending the demands of the staff. The changes as well as enhancements are developed and the results of the integration that is not suited with good people of the organization and put in the bad system of Big Energy. The integration between Big Energy and XYZ Energy has created tensions among the staffs and define the importance of job security required to be kept in the minds of the managers. Hence, it is recommended to Big Energy to investigate deeper into the existed issues and retain skilled employees as long as possible in order to gain competitive advantages in the market. References Armstrong, M 2012, Armstrong's Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice, 12th edn, Kogan Page. Creed, A 2011, Organisational Behaviour, Oxford University Press, South Melbourne. Greenberg, J 2011, Behavior in Organizations, 10th edn, Pearson Education, England. Kondalkar, VG 2007, Organisational Behaviour, New Age International. McShane, S, Olekalns, M Travaglione, T, 2013, Organisational behaviour : emerging knowledge, global insights, 4th edn, McGraw Hill Australia, N.S.W. Perkins, S, Raisa, A, 2013, Organizational Behaviour : People, Process, Work and Human Resource Management, Kogan Page. Thompson, P, McHugh, D 2009, Work Organizations: A Critical Approach, Palgrave Macmillan, UK. Appelbaum, SH, Gandell, J, Yortis, H, Proper, S Jobin, F, 2000, Anatomy of a merger: behavior of organizational factors and processes throughout the pre- during post-stages (part 1), Management Decision, vol. 38, issue 9, p. 649 662, viewed 23 February 2016, Emerald Insight Database. Chughtai, AA 2013, Linking affective commitment to supervisor to work outcomes, Journal of Managerial Psychology, July, vol. 83, issue 4, pp. 606 - 627, viewed 23 February 2016, Emerald Insight Database. Codreanu, A 2010, ORGANISATIONAL COMMUNICATION PATTERNS UNDERLYING THE CONCEPT OF ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR ', Review of the Air Force Academy, issue 1, p. 98-103, viewed 23 February 2016, Proquest Database. Edwards, JR Cable, DM 2009, The value of value congruence, Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 94, no. 3, pp. 654-677, viewed 23 February 2016, Proquest Database. Manchanda, P 2014, IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE ON EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT IN SELECT PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS', International Journal of Organizational Behaviour Management Perspectives, vol. 28, issue 6, p. 1145-1157, viewed 23 February 2016, Proquest Database. Nekoranec, J 2013, MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR. SOME BASIC ASPECTS, Journal of Defense Resources Management, vol. 4, issue 1, p. 93-98, viewed 23 February 2016, Proquest Database. Shwartz, SH Boehnkeb, K 2004, Evaluating the Structure of Human Values with Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Journal of Research in Personality, vol. 38, no. 3, p. 230-255, viewed 23 February 2016, ResearchGate Database. Wright*, T Bonett, DG 2007, Job Satisfaction and Psychological Well-Being as Nonadditive Predictors of Workplace Turnover, Journal of Management, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 949-973, viewed 23 February 2016, Sage Journal Database.

Giottos Arena Chapel Essay Example

Giottos Arena Chapel Paper Giotto;s Arena Chapel Among the early renaissance artist many left long lasting impressions on the artist to come, but none stood out more than the Florentine painter and architect, Giotto. An outstanding painter, sculptor, and architect he was recognized as thefirst geniuses of art in the Italian Renaissance.Giotto lived and worked at a time when people were beginning to be freed from the medieval restraints and he dealt in traditional religious subjects, which the people could relate with. Giotto;s most famous works is the Arena Chapel in Padua. In the year 1300, Enrico Scrovegni, a wealthy, merchant acquired the ruins of an old Roman arena with an adjoining chapel. Scrovegni wanted to use the chapel as a family place of worship. Five years after he obtained the Arena Chapel, Enrico Scrovegni charged Giotto with the job of painting the interior walls of the chapel. Giotto accepted the job and began work on the chapel immediately. The walls of the chapel were both restricted an d asymmetrical due to the six windows on the right wall. Giotto measured and decided to divide the walls into panels of the same size. In the panels Giotto painted a series of thirty-eight frescoes depicting the life of Christ on one wall and the Life of the Virgin Mary on the opposing wall. Above the archways are pictures of the Last Judgment and the Annunciation. Giotto showed his genius again by leaving no empty wall space. A significant innovation is the dado painted to imitate a veined marble wall. Also between the panels of the fake marble are small frescoes imitating sculptors of the seven virtues and seven vices. This was typical of the 15th and 16th centuries and Giotto used this style previously on Campanile in Florence. Giotto;s style is showed in all of the paintings of the chapel except the Annunciation. He concentrated on the grasp of human emotion and of what was significant in human life.

Preparing Financial Forecasts Report Essay

Preparing Financial Forecasts Report Essay Preparing Financial Forecasts Report Essay [pic] [pic] HND program, Sichuan University 2006-12-21 Part A Introduction This report refers to show the variances between the Flexed Budget and Actual results. After cooperation, we will understand the overview of the organization’s current situation. In order to find the problems and solve them, I analyzed them below. Here are the detailed information about the materials variance, labour variance and overhead variance. In addition, I will give out the advice of my opinion at the end of this report. |Tricol plc Flexible budget | | |Original budget |Flexed budget |Actual results |Variance | | | | | |A/F | | |2000 units |1600 units |1600 units[1] | | |Direct material |ï ¿ ¡80000[2] |ï ¿ ¡64000[5] |ï ¿ ¡61600 |ï ¿ ¡2400 |F | |Direct labor |ï ¿ ¡36000[3] |ï ¿ ¡28800[6] |ï ¿ ¡35200 |ï ¿ ¡Ã¯ ¼Ë†6400ï ¼â€° |A | |Variable production overheads |ï ¿ ¡4000[4] |ï ¿ ¡3200[7] |ï ¿ ¡3200 |0 | | | |Depreciation |ï ¿ ¡1500 | |ï ¿ ¡1500 | | |Fixed overheads | | | | | | |Total cost of production | |ï ¿ ¡104200 |ï ¿ ¡108600 |ï ¿ ¡Ã¯ ¼Ë†4400ï ¼â€° |A | [1] Flexed budget amount is 80% of the target amount [2]ï ¿ ¡10Ãâ€"4 kgÃâ€"2,000ï ¼ 80,000 [3]ï ¿ ¡9Ãâ€"2Ãâ€"2,000ï ¼ 36,000 [4]ï ¿ ¡2Ãâ€"2,000ï ¼ 4,000 [5]ï ¿ ¡10Ãâ€"4 kgÃâ€"1,600ï ¼ 64,000 [6]ï ¿ ¡9Ãâ€"2Ãâ€"1,600ï ¼ 28,800 [7]ï ¿ ¡2Ãâ€"1,600ï ¼ 3,200 Material: Direct material total variance = (standard units of actual production*standard price)-(actual quantity*actual price) = (1600*4*10) - 61600 =ï ¿ ¡2400(F) Direct material usage variance =standard price*(standard unit of actual production - actual quality) =10*(1600*4-5600) =ï ¿ ¡8000(F) Direct material price variance =actual quantity*(standard price – actual price) =5600*(10-11) =ï ¿ ¡-5600(A) Material total Variance percentage = 2400/64000 *100% =3.75% Material usage variance percentage = 8000/64000*100% =12.5% Material price variance percentage =5600/64000*100% =8.75% Labour: Direct labour total variance = (standard hours of actual production*standard rate ph)-(actual hours*actual rate ph) = (1600*2*9)-35200 =ï ¿ ¡-6400(A) Direct labour efficiency variance =standard rate ph*(standard hours of actual production – actual hours) =9*(1600*2-3520) =ï ¿ ¡-2880(A) Direct labour rate variance =actual hours*(standard rate ph-actual rate ph) =3520*(9-10) =ï ¿ ¡-3520(A) Labour total variance percentage =6400/28800*100%=22.22% Labour efficiency variance percentage =2880/28800*100%=10% Labour rate variance percentage=3520/28800*100% =12.22% Overhead: Total overhead variance =total standard overhead for actual production-total actual overheads = (7.125*1600)-(3200+2200+1500+2400+2500) =11400-11800 =ï ¿ ¡-400(A) Overhead absorption rate =total budgeted overhead/total budgeted activity level = (1600*2+2000+2200+1500+2500)/1600 =ï ¿ ¡7.125 per unit

Controversial Behavioral Management Techniques for ADHD Research Paper

Controversial Behavioral Management Techniques for ADHD - Research Paper Example This essay stresses that there are those who think that it is merely a label that justifies the unruly behavior of students who need more rigorous discipline. Within the educational perspective, teachers keep on looking for correct knowledge about ADHD that will help them create classroom management techniques that are effective for students with this condition. Most of ADHD diagnoses come from teachers’ observations, and several of the symptoms of the condition oblige teachers to give a diagnosis, such as â€Å"the child often fails to give close attention to details or make careless mistakes in schoolwork, work, or other activities†. This paper makes a conclusion that when children with ADHD go to school, they are affected by the teachers’ method or techniques, as well as the school’s viewpoint about behavioral management. It is widely recognized that ADHD seldom arises alone; it is frequently complemented by comorbid disorders, like learning disabilities or oppositional defiant disorder. Sooner or later, this behavior could result in deviant behavioral patterns. In numerous instances, the delinquent behavior is simply bothersome or possibly makes the teacher annoyed. The initial idea could be â€Å"I’ve got to punish this behavior to stop it†. This is where controversial behavioral management techniques for ADHD come in. The first is corporal punishment or physical punishment. This technique does lead to inhibition of a problematic behavior, but it does not eliminate it. ... When children with ADHD go to school, they are affected by the teachers’ method or techniques, as well as the school’s viewpoint about behavioral management. It is widely recognized that ADHD seldom arises alone; it is frequently complemented by comorbid disorders, like learning disabilities or oppositional defiant disorder. Sooner or later, this behavior could result in deviant behavioral patterns (Hornby et al., 2013). In numerous instances, the delinquent behavior is simply bothersome or possibly makes the teacher annoyed. The initial idea could be â€Å"I’ve got to punish this behavior to stop it† (Flick, 2010, 101). This is where controversial behavioral management techniques for ADHD come in. The first is corporal punishment or physical punishment. This technique does lead to inhibition of a problematic behavior, but it does not eliminate it. The student discontinues the behavior but relapses to it eventually. The punishing teacher actually embodies the behavior s/he wants to get rid of. The student gets the message that physical punishment is an effective way of coping with problems such as this (Flick, 2010). It is also necessary to mention that corporal punishment is normally used long after the student shows the problematic behavior. The main point is it is unwise to exercise corporal punishment in school. Simply put, it is completely unsuccessful in managing behavior issues, and it is useless with ADHD. Studies report detrimental consequences of exercising physical punishment (Southall, 2007). A particular type of punishment less harsh than corporal punishment is the verbal scolding. This implies that the student is verbally reprimanded for showing improper

Analysis LA Fitness in England Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Analysis LA Fitness in England - Essay Example The main reason behind expansion of LA Fitness is that it wants to offer a wide range of services in the new markets in order to ensure the success of the business in the international market as well. The company plans to expand in England. Some of the driving points, which would enable the company to expand its business in the foreign markets and achieve success, are given below: 1. The increasing awareness related to the health issues as well as concern towards obesity and its effects amongst the people of England, will act as one of the key element in acceptance of the business operations of LA Fitness in the country. 2. Increasing wish of controlling and maintaining weight, avoiding various health issues and reducing daily stress influences individuals to visit the health clubs almost regularly. This is one of the main reasons behind LA Fitness’s business expansion plans into the international market. 3. LA Fitness provides services to meet the needs of the customers and o ffer them facilities for most of their health and fitness needs. This would help them in achieving success in their business operations in the international market easily. 4. The consumers would be offered different exercise regimes. Well differentiated service offered by the company would enable it in developing recognition in the new market. LA Fitness provides customized training services for meeting the personal needs of each and every member and gives them chance to choose the best suitable work out for themselves. Industry Analysis using Porter’s Five Forces Analysis would help in understanding the reason behind the expansion of the company in the chosen Country. Porter’s Five Forces analysis Porter’s five forces analysis would help in performing the industry analysis of health and fitness industry in England (Alkhafaji, 2003; Porter, 1980; 1998). Competition from the existing firms- There are many health clubs in England, which offer health and fitness se rvices to the customers. Thus the competition from the existing firms is very high (David, 1986). However, LA Fitness provides customer friendly services to its members. It is better than its competitors, as it treats its customers as family members and provide them good training. The fitness market is having a growth of certain percentage every year. The company has huge scope of achieving competitive advantage over its competitors by expanding the fitness clubs and hiring large number of employees in the new market, who would provide good services. Bargaining power of buyers- The bargaining power of the buyers is very high in England as there are a large number of fitness clubs offering services to the customers (Davis, 2008). There are a large number of alternative options for them. This increases their bargaining power. Moreover, 10 to 15 percent of buyers of the health clubs do not renew their membership as they do not find it interesting anymore. LA Fitness would have to advan ce its services by utilization of latest technologies in order to retain its buyers in the new market. Threat of substitutes: There are various substitutes for health clubs. People can consume healthy food; go for cycling or walking after eating. There are many individuals who play sports regularly in order to stay healthy. Some of them do labor work, which keeps them physically fit. Some visit doctors and maintain fixed diet in order to remain aware of the nutrients.

The Causes Of Increase In Housing Price

The Causes Of Increase In Housing Price House is one of the important elements in basic human needs. However, one will consider the price of a house before purchasing. It is important to gather information before purchasing a house because it is a long term investment. A house must be comfortable to stay in. However, we cannot deny the fact that the housing price today is not the same as price in the last few decades. 1.2 Problem Statement Over the past few decades, the housing price has shown increments as times goes by. It is no doubt that the longer the period of time the higher the price of housing. This is a big issue to be taken into consideration. It is considered an important issue because house is one of the important basic human needs. Therefore, being concerned about the housing price is a must and the factors that contribute to the increase of housing price need to be determined. 1.3 Research Objectives The following are the objectives of this research : 1. To determine the causes of increase in housing price. 2. To evaluate the price of housing in the future. 3. To identify the effect of increase in housing price. 1.4 Scope Limitations of the Study In order to gather the information for this research, I have gathered some reliable information through the internet. I have chosen few journals as important additional information. Next, secondary data will be used in order to fulfill the objectives of this research. The limitation of this study is that the best method to be used is hard to choose. There are few methods to be chosen in order to determine the price of housing. In addition, the time given to complete this is limited as many other things need to be taken into consideration. 1.5 Significance of the Problem By doing research on the housing price, the factors that lead to the increase of housing price can be determined. The housing price in the future can be forecasted as well. The important of doing this research on the housing price is that, it will give positive impact to the government. It can help the government to predict or estimates the price of housing in the future. These can wider the awareness of the price of housing which is now in high rate. This research will also can be an advantage for the housing developers in determining the housing price by identification of the factors that lead to the housing price estimation. Moreover, this research is also important to individual who will purchase house in the future. This will give awareness to the individual regarding the housing price and help them to figure out the best decision in purchasing a house. 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction Literature review is one of the important elements in research in order to gain broader ideas. According to Uma Sekaran (2006), literature review can be defined as a broad documentation review by which published and unpublished work from secondary data in the areas of a particular interest to the researcher. It discusses the importance of the subject, the type of theory or method used in the research and as well as to provide with the background and history of a particular area. Furthermore, there are 3 steps in the literature review process. Firstly is to identify the various material and access, secondly to gather the relevant information, and thirdly to write up the literature review. A good research should consist of eight important elements including purposiveness, validity, replicability, generalisability, objectivity, reliability, testability, and able to create a new thing or better known as rigor. We can gather literature review sources through books, reports, monograph, the sis, conference proceeding, working papers, and the most commonly used by many is the journal research articles. 2.2 Literature Review The Determination of Housing Price House is one of the important elements in basic human needs. People need a house to stay away from danger, hot weather, rainy day and as well as a place to stay calm. As long as people can fill the comfort of living under a roof then it is called a house. However, the things that matter is that the affordability of a person to purchase a house. Some people can afford a house that is really comfortable to stay in and some not. People who are called the rich and famous can afford a house that is almost called a heaven and some can only lives in an ordinary but comfortable house. But it doesnà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢t matter how our house may look like because the price of house is what that matter. We can see that the housing price is increasing as the time goes by. This may be an important area to look upon because more or less it could affect the economic level of a country. Therefore, a housing price can be defined as the rate of payment that one has to pay in order to purc hase a house and for sure there are several factors that lead to housing price determination. In my own point of view, I believe that the increment of a housing price is due to the price increment in the raw material. Many may have similar idea but after looking into 10 journals as references for my propose topic, I have found out several more important variables that leads to the factors of housing price determination. There are few number of knowledgeable individual turned up and able to find the contributing factors in determination of housing price. One who has studied using an empirical analysis has shown that income (demography trends) and nominal interest rates are the key explanatory factors in housing price. On the other hand, the equity returns may also have been an influential factor in the determination o housing price (Pages Maza, 2003). In other studies shown that, the empirical approach, panel unit root test, panel co-integration, and error correction model were applied in the research. The result is similar in which the level of income and interest rate were the main factors. But it was tested in a different method whereby the current level of income and interest rates determine how much an individual can borrow from financial institutions in order to purchase a house. This decision of how much the borrower can borrow from the bank or financial institutions is one of a way to determine the level of house price (McQuinn Oà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢Rielly, 2007). For example, the higher the interest rate, the higher the price of housing. However, another different point of view can be found in the study of Yazgi Dokmeci (2007), in which, applied the multiple regression model and it was found that the most important factor affecting the housing prices is the size of the floor area. The second and third most effective factors are the road surface ratio and the floor area, and fourth factor is the distance of housing to the seashore. This means, the bigger the size of floor the more money a purchaser will have to pay. This study is obviously different from the previous study. It looked upon the geographical area. The studies of Hiebert Roma (2010) by using the empirical and regression analysis have shown that even though a particular location is associated with facilities, population differences across cities influenced more. Therefore, even if a particular location is fully facilitated, people will still prefer living among a population. Other studies that used the new quarterly regional panel data set shown that out of 14 regions, there were 11 regions that have the major impacts in term of housing services and amenity values. The price expectations that is predictable contribute to the increased of housing price. Thus, it was found that the price of housing is influenced by the regional economic activity, the regional housing stock and the user cost of capital (Grimes et al, 2004). In another different study, correlation and multiple regression analysis was applied by a Malaysian namely Tan. The study shown that the Malaysiansà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ per capita income, unemployment rate, total loans to housing and KLSE Composite Index plays important role in the movement of Malaysian house price. This means, the economic and financial factors were identified as applicable in determining the demand and supply of housing units. In a study of Allen et al (2006), by using the empirical analysis, new house price, union wages, issuance of building permit contributes in the housing price rate. According to Yan et al (2010), an empirical analysis and the error correction model error correction shown that land supply has a major impact on house price fluctuations while demand factors such as user costs, income and residential mortgage loan have greater influences. In the long run, the price is influenced by the land supply and the financial system. However, in the short run, the changes in land supply and financial system will then effect on the user costs, income, and residential mortgage loan. To add more, the demand factors which consist of the user cost, income, and residential mortgage loan is found to give greater impact in the price fluctuations of housing price. Again in other studies of McMillen (2003) using the Fourier repeat sales approach, it was found that income and population can influenced the prices of house. However, he then found out that people with higher income moved into the older part of the area in Chicago city due to the increasing housing cost. In another study of Hilbers et al (2008), the empirical analysis shown that user costs, demographic (age, gender, income) factors and output gives impact in the determination of housing price. It was found that the most influential factors were the income and the user costs. After went through the journals on housing, it helps to indentify and considered the contributing factors in the determination of housing price. I have found out several factors that contribute in the determination of housing price. Those factors I have found includes the interest rate, income, geographical area, population, unemployment rate, housing loan, KLSE Composite Index, user cost and as well the economic activity and regional housing stock. But, the most common factors are the interest rate, income, population, and user costs. In another way, it also helps to figure out the type of analysis or framework that had already been used as a method in research. As an advantage, it will help to determine which method is the best choice to be used in the research. Therefore, when the method to be used is already discovered, it will enable researcher to formulate suitable theory in order to test or formulate hypotheses. 2.3 Conceptual Framework Interest rate Income Housing Price User costs Land supply Financial system Population Conceptual framework or better known as the Theoretical framework is a conceptual model of how one came up with a theory or to make a logical sense of the relationship among the identified factors of a particular problem. It consists of the independent variables on the left side while the dependent variable on the right side as the above sketches of theoretical framework. The independent variable can be defined as one lends itself. On the other hand, the dependent variable does not lend itself. In addition, variables refer to anything that differ values. The independent variables consist of interest rate, income, user costs, land supply, financial system, and population. Interest rate refers to the interest rate on bank loans or land value. When interest rate increases, the house price will increase too. Income is one important element in determining the housing price, whereby, income may determine that a house can be afforded or not. User costs refer to the cost by a particular person. It plays an important role because the when user cost doesnà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢t exist then it is not easy to determine the price of house. Land supply is also an important factor whereby a land needed an approval before building a house on it. Financial system refers to the housing loan from bank, residential mortgage loan or the conditions of economic of a particular country. Population refers to the people living in an area. More population means demand on housing will increasing and therefore leads to supply of housing. On the other hand, the dependent variable only consist of one variable in which the housing price. The housing price depends on the any changes in the independent variables. Small changes in one of the independents variable will give effect in the determination of housing price. 2.4 Conclusion In conclusion, it is no doubt that there are various factors that contributes in the determination of housing price. From the journals, we can gain some ideas on what are the important variables that need to be included in determining the housing price. Therefore, the best method can be selected and data can be analyzed in order to find the solution on the problem. The hypothesis can be tested as well. 3.0 DATA METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction In order to conduct a research on determination of housing price, secondary data will be used. Secondary data can be gained through the data base. Moreover, the methods for this research is used to analyzed the data and later fulfill the objectives of the research. 3.2 Data, Population, Sampling Method In order to conduct this research, the secondary data will be used. The data is gathered through the World Bank and Bank Reserve of New Zealand. The population of this research will be the country New Zealand. This is because this research will focus in the housing price determination in New Zealand. According to Uma Sekaran (2006), population can be defined as the whole group of people or things in a research area that a researcher need to investigate. For instance, if a researcher wants to investigate the awareness of health in a specific firm, then the population will be all the employees in that specific firm, let say Dell Company. Therefore, on the other hand, the population for this research is the country New Zealand. This is due to the determination of housing price will be studied based on the New Zealand data. Sampling is the process whereby the researcher selects the specific number from the population to be analyzed. Sampling is important because it will save time and cost. It is divided into probability sampling and non probability sampling. 3.3 Analysis of Data In order to analyze the data, unit root test will be used. The unit root test is useful in order to determine the best forecasting model to be used in the research. It is also useful to test the availability of the time series data whether it is stationary or non stationary by using the auto regression model. Moreover, the time series analysis will then be used in order to determine the price of housing in the future. This will also includes the ARIMA model in order forecast the housing price in the future. 3.4 Hypothesis Development Hypothesis can be referred as a statement of two or more variables that is testable. It consists of the if-then statement. For instance, if the price of commodity increases, then income will increase as well. It can also be written in other way, whereby, there is a relationship between both price of commodity and income. Hypothesis are classified into two types, whereby, the directional and the non directional hypothesis. The null and alternate hypothesis can either be rejected or accepted in accordance with the result from the test of the variables. 3.5 Summary The data and methodology are two elements that need to be taken into consideration before conducting a research. It is better to make sure the availability of data before one proceeds to do research. The population and sampling need to be firstly indentified. After that, the methods to be used must be proper and a wise choice in order to gain more accurate result. When data is already gathered and analyzed, hypothesis can then be tested.

Athenian Women’s Acquisition of Power through Relationships with Men :: Greek Women Females Power Papers

Athenian Women’s Acquisition of Power through Relationships with Men Greek society held the belief that women had little common sense or logic; they had the natural tendency to move toward chaos and destruction. Women were thought to have the ability to destroy a man’s honor through their actions. Because of this, women were given no influence in the government of the polis or in their lives; they had no power. Instead, they were kept inside where they could be closely monitored by their husbands, fathers, lovers or protectors. Yet, as seen in Kathleen Freeman’s translations of Athenian court trials The Murder of Herodes, women were able to acquire power in the household, the government, and for their own betterment through sexual relationships, marriage, and family ties. Greek mythology painted a poor picture of women. This, in turn, created a society where the men believed that these myths were an accurate interpretation of the nature of women (or, possibly, vice-versa). Zeus created women as a punishment, and to this end, he made them so tempting that men could not resist them. But, he also made them a bane to men’s existence, where men had to marry them and constantly have to try to balance the good and the evil that inherently existed in their wives, or die alone. As a consequence of this bleak picture of women, Athenian men believed they had to keep a close eye on women and not allow them too much freedom; they had to keep them behind closed doors as much as possible so they could balance the good and evil and control their deceitful nature. So how is it that women are supposed to acquire any power in their lives if all they have is their households? In fact, the first area in which a woman could gain power was the household. In a trial concerning the killing of an adulterer, the defendant Euphiletus gives an account as to what happens when a man and a woman marry: "†¦ When I decided to marry and had brought a wife home, at first my attitude was this: I did not wish to annoy her, but neither was she to have too much of her own way. I watched her as well as I could, as kept and eye on her as was proper. But later, after my child had been born, I came to trust her, and I handed all my possessions over to her, believing that this was the greatest possible proof of affection.

Human’s Identity in a Globalized World

Salomon Djakpa Professor Ralph Satterthwaite English 14-001 17 March 2013 Human’s Identity in a Globalized World Globalization has become a highly debated concept around the world. Globalization can be simply understood as â€Å"a process of  global economical, political and cultural integration† (thefreedictionary. com). Today the world has become global and integral and all of its major parts are completely interconnected like in a tiny village. Globalization is an everyday process that brings a cultural unification and changes people’s psychology.Globalization is happening almost everywhere in the world and having various impacts on people. It is a process that is bringing the world smaller and smaller and also imposing a change on people’s cultural level. People’s identity is changing because of globalization. Globalization has made the world we are living today more complex and culturally pluralized. Many people migrate to new places and are forced to adopt a new culture. However, their traditions might not fade away because they will always be part of their identity.Certain people believe that there is a connection between globalization and Americanization. However, in his essay â€Å"Globalization vs. Americanization†, Andrew Lam argues that there is a difference between globalization and Americanization even though it is sometimes hard to make that distinction. His essay interprets the divergences among cultures in the twenty-first century and how living in this century has blurred those distinctions. In his essay, Lam uses his own life experience to tell how globalization has changed his behaviors, thoughts and feelings.He believes that â€Å"man’s identity is in conflict† as a result of globalization. Many people often migrate to a new place and their identity becomes disturbed as a result of this dislocation. I believe Lam’s assertion can be true and totally agree with it because people can tend to follow their own culture as well as their new culture. Andrew Lam argues that â€Å"man’s identity is in conflict† as a result of globalization because of how it changed and disturbed people’s identity. Although someone’s identity is very precious and memorable, it can be hreatened at any time because of globalization. Lam stated: To want to be rooted is a deep human desire, of course, but to be displaced and uprooted, alas, is a human condition — Man's fate. All over the world, people are moving from language to language, from culture to culture, sensibility to sensibility, negotiating across time zones and continents. It's a world that resists simplification. Man's identity is in conflict, has become both the cause of pain and fear for some and the source of enormous inspiration for others. I am inclined, of course, to be on the side of the latter. (par. 13)Lam is trying to show us that an individual’s traditions, background, foundation and culture define him and to want to stay attached to his roots is a profound desire. However, your condition can alter at any time and lead you to move out of your place. All over the globe, people are switching accent, adopting a new culture and having new customs. These transformations are taking place in today’s globalized world. Lam is also arguing that some people fear changing their identity while it is just a stimulus for others. The world is becoming more sophisticated and complex but less manageable.Furthermore, to support his claim, Andrew Lam demonstrates how the growing towns of ethnic enclaves are proliferating in America. They are rapidly changing the American culture. These homogenous and culturally distinct societies are challenging the old ideas of the melting pot and integration. He explains the concept of this pluralistic society that emerged because of globalization. He also maintains that globalization has created a new man with a talent and the ability to overcome contradictory identities by creating new interactions between them.A new man able to hold contradictory ideas and resist the xenophobic and fundamentalistic views. Someone able to see the world with its many ranges at the same time. Andrew Lam is a result of globalization. He grew up to be a patriotic citizen of South Vietnam. He followed his culture’s tradition and promised that he would protect his homeland, but later he had to migrate overseas to build a completely different life. As Lam noted, â€Å"Yesterday my inheritance was simple–the sacred rice fields and rivers that defined who I was† (par. 6).The country Lam was from defined him and his cultural traditions. He grew up to become a rice farmer like the past generation but after migrating to a new country his identity changed. This was his identity before the global transformation of migration. He was only connected to the people who were in Vietnam but after travelling abroad he became aware that he had so many friends and relatives who lived in different countries. His identity is today bound up with multiple communities. He learned about aspects his friends had that were different from his.My own life experiences made me agree with Lam’s position. I migrated to the United States in search of the American dream. Traveling from Africa to America, which once required months at sea, now only takes hours in the air. All of this is because of the process of globalization. Today my identity is bound with a new community. I can honestly say my identity is changing because my tongue is slowly switching to the American language; I have slowly adopted the American culture. However, I follow my own culture as well.Due to migration, I have to learn a second language as well as a new culture. However, I still manage to speak French, my first language. Today I have this deep belief in the American dream and also that miracles are real and one day there will be n o more crime or violence. Migrating to this new country has showed me different perspectives of the world and varieties of teachings and moral support. My changing identity, new beliefs and my life as an immigrant are all experiences that make me accept Lam’s assertion.Globalization is one of the most contested concepts around the world and it has such a great impact on selves. Andrew Lam interprets in his essay globalization and its major effects on people’s identity. He clarifies that â€Å"man’s identity is in conflict† because of globalization. He was himself a result of globalization after being affected by the global transformation of migration. He saw his behaviors, thoughts and feelings changing rapidly after moving. His pluralized identity is one reason that makes him feel that man’s identity is in danger.I totally agree with Lam’s opinion because of my life experiences and how globalization has had a great impact on me. I really th ink globalization has today transformed people’s identity in many ways. Many people migrate to new places and are likely to follow their culture as well as their new culture. Globalization has given people new traditions, perspectives of the world and customs. In today’s globalized world, identity has become more conflicting than ever. Work Cited Lam, Andrew. â€Å"Globalization vs. Americanization. † AlterNet. (2004): 2. Web. 20 Feb. 2013.

Goal Movie Review - 10720 Words

â€Å"I’ve spent muddy days watching young lads beat the hell out of each other. But once in a while, there’s one that comes along and lifts your heart.† --Glen Foy in â€Å"Goal! The Dream Begins† GOAL! THE DREAM BEGINS Production Information Like every kid, Santiago Munez has a big dream. But unlike every kid, he’s given the rare opportunity to make that dream come true—if he’s willing to put his fears aside, travel thousands of miles from home, and hold his own with some of the best in the world. The intense pressure and personal sacrifice prove costly for Santiago on his quest—but will they be enough to keep this gifted, determined young athlete and fledgling hero from his ultimate â€Å"Goal†? When Santiago crossed the border into America at the†¦show more content†¦Novices to show business, Jefferies and Barrelle had the opportunity to sit down with an Oscar ®-winning director and pick his brain. As a result of the meeting, Barrelle, Jeffries and Stepper boarded a plane to Paris to meet with officials at the Fà ©dà ©ration Internationale de Football Association—better known around the world as FIFA. â€Å"We met with FIFA to gain access,† explains Jefferie s. â€Å"We wanted to be able to use these football properties, be able to film in stadiums and receive clearances, to be able to mitigate the problems we might have with licenses or image rights. We needed FIFA to hold our hand and help us navigate those channels.† Cementing the deal with FIFA was critical to securing the involvement of the squads and enhancing the authenticity of the film. â€Å"Doing a deal with FIFA was incredibly important to us, and doing deals with the teams and actual players was critical as well,† explains Barrelle. â€Å"We wanted to use real teams because the fans really know what’s going on, and football fans are obviously the most fanatic fans in the world. You can’t cheat them. We didn’t want to do that, and hopefully you’ll see that on the screen.† After considering several teams, the filmmakers opted to go with Newcastle United—based in a one-club town where footballers areShow MoreRelatedReflec tion Paper About Movie Review1058 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent genres which include a film review, an annotated bibliography, and an argumentative essay. While writing the film review my main goal is to persuade the audience to watch the movie or not depending on my view of the film. As I wrote the film review I had to look over other film reviews to get an idea what type of language should be used, and the type of format it should be written in. Most of the time the reviews were short and ended with phrases like â€Å"the movie is fantastic† or similar sentencesRead MoreThe Internship : Climb Aboard The Internet Ship Essay1733 Words   |  7 PagesBrief Summary â€Å"The Internship† climb aboard the Internet ship. 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Research And Analysis On The Indian Banking Industry Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 17 Words: 4977 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? The Indian banking industry currently termed as strong, having weathered the global economic slowdown and showing good numbers with strong support flowing in from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) measures. A report Opportunities in Indian Banking Sector, by market research company, RNCOS, forecasts that the Indian banking sector will grow at a healthy compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of around 23.3 per cent till 2011. Banking, financial services and insurance (BFSI), together account for 38 per cent of Indias outsourcing industry (worth US$ 47.8 billion in 2007). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Research And Analysis On The Indian Banking Industry Finance Essay" essay for you Create order According to a report by McKinsey and NASSCOM, India has the potential to process 30 per cent of the banking transactions in the US by the year 2010. Outsourcing by the BFSI to India is expected to grow at an annual rate of 30-35 per cent. According to a study by Dun Bradstreet (an international research body)-Indias Top Banks 2008-there has been a significant growth in the banking infrastructure. Taking into account all banks in India, there are overall 56,640 branches or offices, 893,356 employees and 27,088 ATMs. Public sector banks made up a large chunk of the infrastructure, with 87.7 per cent of all offices, 82 per cent of staff and 60.3 per cent of all ATMs. According to the RBI, Indian financial markets have generally remained orderly during 2008-09. In view of the tight liquidity conditions in the domestic money markets in September 2008, the Reserve Bank announced a series of measures beginning September 16, 2008. Thus, the average call rate which was at 10.52 per ce nt declined to 7.57 per cent in November 2008 under the impact of these measures. 2. INDUSTRY PROFILE 2.1 Definition Bank may be defined as a financial institution which is engaged in the business of keeping money for savings and checking accounts or for exchange or for issuing loans and credit etc. A set of services intended for private customers and characterized by a higher quality than the services offered to retail customers. Based on the notion of tailor-made services, it aims to offer advice on investment, inheritance plans and provide active support for general transactions and the resolution of asset-related problems. The essential function of a bank is to provide services related to the storing of deposits and the extending of credit. Basic function may include Credit collection, Issuer of banking notes, Depositor of money and lending loans. 2.2 Segments Banks in India can be categorized into non-scheduled banks and scheduled banks. Scheduled banks constitute of commercial banks and co-operative banks. There are about 67,000 branches of Scheduled banks spread across India. During the first phase of financial reforms, there was a nationalization of 14 major banks in 1969. This crucial step led to a shift from Class banking to Mass banking. Since then the growth of the banking industry in India has been a continuous process As far as the present scenario is concerned the banking industry is in a transition phase. The Public Sector Banks (PSBs), which are the foundation of the Indian Banking system account for more than 78 per cent of total banking industry assets. Unfortunately they are burdened with excessive Non Performing assets (NPAs), massive manpower and lack of modern technology. On the other hand the Private Sector Banks in India are witnessing immense progress. They are leaders in Internet banking, mobile banking, phone banking, ATMs. On the other hand the Public Sector Banks are still facing the problem of unhappy employees. There has been a decrease of 20 percent in the employee strength of the private sector in the wake o f the Voluntary Retirement Schemes (VRS). As far as foreign banks are concerned they are likely to succeed in India. Indusland Bank was the first private bank to be set up in India. IDBI, ING Vyasa Bank, SBI Commercial and International Bank Ltd, Dhanalakshmi Bank Ltd, Karur Vysya Bank Ltd, Bank of Rajasthan Ltd etc are some Private Sector Banks. Banks from the Public Sector include Punjab National bank, Vijaya Bank, UCO Bank, Oriental Bank, Allahabad Bank, Andhra Bank etc. ANZ Grindlays Bank, ABN-AMRO Bank, American Express Bank Ltd, Citibank etc are some foreign banks operating in India. 3. MARKET DYNAMICS 3.1 Market Overview The banking sector is a very important sector of the Indian economy. The sector has made a marked improvement in the liberalization period. There has been extraordinary progress in the financial health of the commercial banks with respect to capital adequacy, profitability, asset quality and risk management. Deregulation has opened new doors for banks to increase revenues by entering into investment banking, insurance, credit cards, depository services, mortgage, securitization, etc. The major participants of  the Indian financial system are the commercial banks, the financial institutions (FIs), encompassing term-lending institutions, investment institutions, specialized financial institutions and the state-level development banks, Non-Bank Financial Companies (NBFCs) and other market intermediaries such as the stock brokers and money-lenders. The commercial banks and certain variants of NBFCs are among the oldest of the market participants. The FI s, on the other hand, are relatively new entities in the financial market place. The challenges faced by the sector would be gaining profitability, reinforcing technology, maintaining global standards, corporate governance, sharpening skills, risk management and, the most important of all, to establish Customer Intimacy. The insurance business is one of the most rapidly growing areas in the financial sector. Growth in Banking sectors HDFC Bank and Axis Bank continue to remain as leaders of the private sector banks. Both the banks have maintained the advances growth and NIM. SBI, Punjab National Bank, Bank of India and Union Bank are expected to lead among PSU Banks. Public sector banks (PSBs) on January 12, 2009 also decided to lower interest rates on bulk deposits and to offer a maximum rate of 7.5 per cent for one-year maturity. According to the latest RBI data, growth in broad money (M3), year-on-year (y-o-y), was 19.6 per cent (US$ 151.04 billion) on January 2, 20 09 lower than 22.6 per cent (US$ 141.82 billion) a year ago. Aggregate deposits of banks, year-on-year, expanded 20.2 per cent (US$ 133.08 billion) on January 2, 2009 as compared with 24.0 per cent (US$ 127.49 billion) a year ago. The growth in bank credit continued to remain high. Non-food credit by scheduled commercial banks (SCBs) was 23.9 per cent (US$ 102.78 billion), year-on-year, as on January 2, 2009 from 22.0 per cent (US$ 77.79 billion) a year ago. Scheduled commercial banks credit to the commercial sector expanded by 27.0 per cent (year-on-year) as on November 21, 2008, as compared with 23.1 per cent a year ago. Non-food credit of scheduled commercial banks expanded by 26.9 per cent, year-on-year, as on November 21, 2008, higher than 23.7 per cent a year ago. Net banking capital amounted to US$ 4.8 billion in April-September 2008 as compared with US$ 5.7 billion in April-September 2007. Lending by banks also rose more than 76 per cent to Rs 2,80,000 crore ( US$ 57.26 billion) during April-November 2008-09 from the same period a year ago. ( Source- RBI Website ) 3.3 Trend Analysis ( Source- CMI Data Base- Prowess ) 3.3.1 Declining NPA Ratio: The net NPA ratio of Indian banks stood at 1 % in March 2008 as compared to 7 % in March 2000. Indeed, the recent global financial crisis is expected to have only a limited impact on Indian banks. Indian banking system is robust given the high Capital Adequacy Ratio, low NPAs, about 30% of the balance sheet in the form of government securities and cash, and low level of leveraging. 3.3.2 Increasing Number of Mergers There has been an increase in numbers of mergers as mergers and acquisition route is providing a quick step to acquire competitive size and offering banks an opportunity to share markets and reduce cost of product development and delivery. Consolidation in the banking sector is inevitable Mergers of smaller, newer banks would be much easier than the PSU banks, due to legal and social constraints. India is now moving in the direction of fewer but larger mega banks. While merging banks should keep in mind the inherent strengths and weaknesses of a taken over bank. Fundamental features like Portfolio, NPA levels, capital adequacy, technology levels, staff issues should be closely considered when planning for a merger. 3.3.3 Declines in Non Performing Assets (NPA) The gross NPAs of the scheduled commercial banks, which were as high as 15.7 per cent at end-March 1997, declined significantly to 2.4 per cent as at end-March 2008. The net NPAs of these banks during the same period declined from 8.1 per cent to 1.08 per cent. These figures too compare favorably with the international trends and have been driven by the improvements in loan loss provisioning by the banks as also by the improved recovery climate enabled by the legislative environment. 3.4 Key Drivers 3.4.1 Innovations The banking sector in India saw greater emphasis being pl aced on technology and innovation. Banks began to use technology to provide better quality of services at greater speed. Internet banking and mobile banking made it convenient for customers to do their banking from geographically diverse places. Banks also sharpened their focus on rural markets and introduced a variety of services geared to the special needs of their rural customers. Banking activities also transcended their traditional scope and new concepts like personal banking, retailing and banc assurance were introduced. The sector was also moving rapidly towards universal banking and electronic transactions, which were expected to change the way banking would be perceived in the future. 3.4.2 Improvements in the Regulatory Environment The regulatory environment in India is liberal in regard to the functioning of the foreign banks and whether the regulatory approach towards foreign participation in the Indian banking system is consistent with liberalized environment. Und oubtedly, the facts indicate that regulatory regime followed by the Reserve Bank in respect of foreign banks is non-discriminatory, and is, in fact, very liberal by global standards. Here are a few facts which bear out the contention. No restrictions have been placed on establishment of non-banking financial subsidiaries in India by the foreign banks or of their group companies. 4. PEST ANALYSIS 4.1 Political Factors 4.1.1 Regulations: Banking institution is flattering from compiling with the sets of regulations such as AMI( Anti- money laundering ), SOX (Sarbannes Oxley act ),etc. These regulations can pose challenges because of technological constraints and can impact on the profit banks are making. But from different prospective, one must comply with these regulations not only because they are mandatory but also because it will help in reputation building and customer and culture orientation. It is essential for global institution to comply with both the national as w ell as international regulations as it helps them establish ties with foreign countries as they view as reliable organizations. Technology makes it easier to comply with regulations. In case of the national banks, they are bound to have branches across India. Especially in case of bank with global presence, technology plays an important role as multiple regressions specific to the countries or region have to be complied with. A judiciously integrated solution system enables even a mammoth size financial institution to comply with regulation at ease. Banks need to adopt a holistic approach in order to comply with national, international, and regional regulations. Especially the bank has international presence then this become more necessary as they would have to fall in line for all three regulatory bodies. 4.1.2 High Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) for Implementation of Basel II: The Basel Capital Accord (Basel II) guidelines promulgated by the BIS to establish capital adequac y requirements and supervisory standards for banks to be implemented by 2007 and are structured by three pillars. The Basel II is designed to facilitate a more comprehensive, sophisticated and risk sensitive approach for banks to calculate regulatory capital. The proposals will enable banks to align regulatory requirements more closely with their internal risk measurement and to improve operational process. The Committee today consists of central bankers and supervisory regulators from 13 countries. Basel II attempts to accomplish protect the international financial system by setting up rigorous risk and capital management requirements designed to ensure that a bank holds capital reserves appropriate to the risk the bank exposes itself to through its lending and investment practices. In simple terms, the greater risk to which the bank is exposed, the greater the amount of capital the bank needs to hold to safeguard its solvency and overall economic stability. The basic purpose of this recommendation is to ensure that capital allocation is more risk sensitive, separating operational risk from credit risk and quantifying both, and attempting to align economic and regulatory capital more closely to reduce the scope for regulatory arbitrage. The 3-Pillar Approach of Basel II ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Minimum Capital Requirement (Addressing Credit Risk, Operatinal Risk Market Risk) ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Supervisory Review (Provides Framework for Systematic Risk, Liquidity Risk Legal Risk) ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Market Discipline Disclosure (To promote greater stability in the financial system) 4.2 Economic Factors The Indian banking system is relatively insulated from the factors leading to the turmoil in the global banking industry. According to rating agency CRISIL, the recent tight liquidity in the Indian market is qualitatively different from the global liquidity crunch, which has been caused by a crisis of confidence in banks lending to each other. RBIs recent initiatives, including the reduction in CRR by 150 basis points from 11 October 2008, cancellation of two auctions of government securities, and confidence-building communication, have already begun easing liquidity pressures. The strong capitalization of Indian banks, with an average Tier I capital adequacy ratio of above 8 per cent, is a positive feature in their credit risk profile. Indian banks do face challenges in the current Indian economic environment, marked by a slower gross domestic product growth, depressed capital market conditions, and relatively high interest rate regime. The profitability of Indian banks is expected to remain under pressure due to increased cost of borrowing, declining interest spreads, and lower fee income due to slowdown in retail lending. 4.3 Social Factors Banking industry has played a major role socially. It has led to increased savings from the society in various ways like Savings Bank account, Fixed Deposit Account etc. It has led to habit of saving among the mass plus offering the society an interest for its savings. Over the years the banks in this industry have been the key players in building the economy by the way of lending people and taking their savings for the countrys well being. 4.3.1 Increased Usage of Online Banking Advantages previously held by large financial institutions have shrunk considerably. The Internet has leveled the playing field and afforded open access to customers in the global marketplace. Internet banking is a cost-effective delivery channel for financial institutions. Consumers are embracing the many benefits of Internet banking. Access to ones accounts at anytime and from any location via the World Wide Web is a convenience unknown a short time ago. Thus, a banks Internet presence transforms from brouchreware status to Internet banking status once the bank goes through a technology integration effort to enable the customer to access information about his or her specific account relationship. The six primary drivers of Internet banking includes, in order of primacy are: Improve customer access Facilitate the offering of more services Increase customer loyalty Attract new customers Provide services offered by competitors Reduce customer attrition 4.4 Technological Factors 4.4.1 IT Services Indian banking industry, today is in the midst of an IT revolution. A combination of regulatory and competitive reasons has led to increasing importance of total banking automation in the Indian Banking Industry. Information Technology has basically been used under two different avenues in Banking. One is Communication and Connectivity and other is Business Process Reengineering. Information technology enables sophisticated product development, better market infrastructure, implementation of reliable techniques for control of risks and helps the financial intermediaries to reach geographically distant and diversified markets. In view of this, technology has changed the contours of three major functions performed by banks, i.e., access to liquidity, transformation of assets and monitoring of risks. Further, Information technology and the communication networking systems have a crucial bearing on the efficiency of money, capital and foreign exchange markets. Banks as well as other financial entities entered the world of information technology and with Indian Financial Net (INFINET). INFINET, a wide area satellite based network (WAN) using VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminals) technology, was jointly set up by the Reserve Bank and Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology (IDRBT) in June 1999. The Indian Financial Network (INFINET) which initially comprised only the public sector banks was opened up for participation by other categories of members. The first set of applications that could benefit greatly from the use of technologi cal advances in the computer and communications area relate to the Payment systems which form the lifeline of any banking activity. The process of reforms in payment and settlement systems has gained momentum with the implementation of projects such as NDS ((Negotiated Dealing System), CFMS (Centralized Funds Management System) for better funds management by banks and SFMS (Structured Financial Messaging Solution) for secure message transfer. This would result in funds transfers and funds-related message transfer to be routed electronically across banks using the medium of the INFINET. Negotiated dealing system (NDS), which has become operational since February 2002 and RTGS (Real Time Gross Settlement system) scheduled towards the end of 2003 are other major developments in the area. Internet has significantly influenced delivery channels of the banks. Internet has emerged as an important medium for delivery of banking products services. Detailed guidelines of RBI for Internet Banking has prepared the necessary ground for growth of Internet Banking in India. 4.4.2 Mobile Banking M-Commerce The Commerce of Convenience The leaders of telecom in India, Reliance and Airtel have taken the lead in offering m-commerce services. From bill payments to airline and railway ticketing to booking movie tickets and other random services, the services providers offer it all-Commerce in India is on a huge growth path and hybrid m-commerce service providers such as Pay mate now offering innovative services never heard of before. Mobile pays the bills PayMate allows mobile subscribers to make payments for merchant services using their cell phones. It is connected to merchants and banks to enable transactions. PayMate allows a transaction to be completed with a single SMS (one click) technology. ATM banking costs 80% while Internet and telebanking costs only 15% compared to normal banking transactions. Private sector Banks have pioneered internet banking, phone banking, anywhere banking, mobile banking, debit cards, Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs) and combined various other services and integrated them into the mainstream banking arena. Apart from the Mobile Banking, including of SMS Banking, Net Banking and ATMs are the major steps taken by the banks in India towards modernisation. With all these devices and systems, there is a complete freedom to experience. 5. MICHAEL PORTERS FIVE FORCE ANALYSIS 5.1 Buyers Power 5.1.1 Specialized Products for Women and Students Single women are increasingly making up the second-largest group of home-buyers, though their size is still small compared with the number of mortgage loans availed by men. ABN Amro Bank and Citibank have designed special womens accounts that cater to the investment requirements of the female investor, offering benefits such as free consultancy and advice, reduced minimum balance, breaks in process fees and even lower interest rates on loans. There are students special accounts called youth power in ICICI, and the also help students with educational loans. 5.2 Supplier Power 5.2.1 Fragmented Mobile Payment Solutions Market The telecom story in India has been a huge success. A 100 million plus mobile users is a dream come true for marketers. If thats not all the number of users is growing by as much as 3 million a month. The numbers are hugely in favor of m-commerce. Mobile phone users in India outnumber credit and debit cards and internet users 2.5 to one. 5.3 Intensity of Competition 5.3.1 New Entrants Intensifying the Competition Foreign Banks in India always brought an explanation about the prompt services to customers. After the set up foreign banks in India, the banking sector in India also become competitive and accurative.Foreign banks are likely to succeed in their niche markets and be the innovators in terms of technology introduction in the domestic scenario which will increase the competition in the domestic b anking industry. The outlook for the private sector banks indeed looks to be more promising vis-à  -vis other banks. While their focused operations lower but more productive employee force etc will stand them good, possible acquisitions of PSU banks will definitely give them the much needed scale of operations and access to lower cost of funds. 5.4 Threat of New Entrants 5.4.1 Focus on Niche Segments Foreign banks are likely to succeed in their niche markets and be the innovators in terms of technology introduction in the domestic scenario. The outlook for the private sector banks indeed looks to be more promising vis-à  -vis other banks. While their focused operations, lower but more productive employee force etc will stand them good, possible acquisitions of PSU banks will definitely give them the much needed scale of operations and access to lower cost of funds. These banks will continue to be the early technology adopters in the industry, thus increasing their efficie ncies. Also, they have been amongst the first movers in the lucrative insurance segment. Already, banks such as ICICI Bank and HDFC Bank have forged alliances with Prudential Life and Standard Life respectively. This is one segment that is likely to witness a greater deal of action in the future. In the near term, the low interest rate scenario is likely to affect the spreads of majors. This is likely to result in a greater focus on better asset-liability management procedures. Consequently, only banks that strive hard to increase their share of fee-based revenues are likely to do better in the future. 5.4.2 Regulatory Reforms Limiting Foreign Presence Expansions through acquisitions offer limited prospects, however, as foreign investors still encounter restrictions when purchasing stakes in Indian banks. Investment by foreign institutional investors (FIIs) in PSBs are subject to an overall statutory limit of 20%. Foreign banks are permitted to acquire controlling stakes on ly in those banks that have been earmarked by the RBI for restructuring. There are also limits on portfolio investment in shares issued by private banks. FIIs are permitted to acquire up to 10% of the capital of a private sector bank, with an aggregate limit of 24% for all FIIs in any individual bank (which can be raised to 49% if a resolution is passed by the banks board of directors followed by a special resolution of its general body). The aggregate foreign investment in existing private banks from all foreign sources (FDI, FIIs and nonresident Indians) cannot exceed 74% of the private banks paid-up capital. 5.5 Threat of Substitute Products 5.5.1 Informal Financing in the Rural Sector Proxy Banking is an innovation in banking system that will simplify agricultural lending and also add to the increasing base of kisan credit cards. Proxy banking has become a subject of curiosity among the people living in rural areas include; more than sixty percent of rural households have no bank accounts as yet, whereas just twenty percent of the rural households can obtain credit from a formal source. Also, branch banking is not a feasible option in rural areas 6. COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE HDFC Bank and Axis Bank continue to remain as leaders of the private sector banks. Both the banks have maintained the advances growth and NIM. SBI, Punjab National Bank, Bank of India and Union Bank are expected to lead among PSU Banks. The competitive analysis of five banks i.e. SBI, ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank, Punjab National Bank (PNB) and ING Vysya Bank has been done. 6.1 Competitive Strategy ICICI Bank- It strategy of using a client-centric business model by instituting relationship groups to actively cross-sell the full range of the ICICI Groups products and services to its clients has yielded the desired results, as demonstrated by the robust growth in business volumes. ICICI also aggressively expanded its client base by leveraging its structuring skills, based on a customized approach HDFC Bank- Its objective is to build sound customer franchises across distinct businesses so as to be a preferred provider of banking services for target retail and wholesale customer s egments, and to achieve a healthy growth in profitability, consistent with the Banks risk appetite. The bank is committed to do this while ensuring the highest levels of ethical standards, professional integrity, corporate governance and regulatory compliance. Punjab National Bank- In order to achieve growth , PNB follows the strategy either to increase the existing fund size or launch new products. ING-VYSYA Bank- ING Vysya has adopted a two-fold strategy for growth expansion of branch network and deepening its relationship with customers by offering new products to increase its market share 6.2 Economic Activity: SBI- Incorporated in 1955, State Bank of India is a public sector bank providing banking, financial and leasing services. It is also involved in mutual fund and capital market activities through its subsidiaries. ICICI Bank- Engaged in banking services. It engages in a range of banking products and financial services to corporate and retail customers, inv estment banking, life and non-life insurance, venture capital, asset management and information technology. HDFC Bank- It offers a range of services such as corporate banking, treasury and capital market services, housing finance, advisory services and custodial services to FIIs, mutual funds and others. ING-VYSYA Bank- Incorporated in 1930. It offers various banking related services. It engages in corporate banking, retail banking, rural banking, commercial banking, treasury management and provides financial products. 6.3 Financial Analysis 6.3.1 Income Statement Analysis  PAT in Rs Cr. OPERATING INCOME in Rs Cr State Bank Of India 2478.42 18030.34 ICICI Bank Ltd. 1272.15 7836.08 HDFC Bank Ltd. 621.74 5407.89 ING Vysya Bank Ltd. 52.05 620.21 SBI had the highest net income of Rs 2478 Cr and has resulted in a drastic increase by 32.8% Operating Margin and Expenses by 29.2% in FY2008 as compared to the FY2007- SBI has registered significant improvements in its operating margins since 2003. Technology up gradation has enabled the bank to reduce inconsistencies. ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank and ING-VYSYA Bank has earned net profit of Rs 1272 Cr, Rs 621.74 Cr and Rs 52.05 Cr with a decrease of.957% and increase of 63.86% and 47.41% in their Operating margins respectively. 6.3.2 Balance Sheet Analysis  HDFC Bank SBI ICICI Bank ING Vysya Bank PAT/Total income 12.15 10.25 7.41 11.52 Networth 8770.7 46820.2 1535.65 49032.66 Quick ratio 3.96 2.27 2.48 1.56 Current ratio 3.97 2.58 2.51 1.6 Debt equity ratio 1.03 1.85 1.22 1.49 Interest cover 1.37 1.21 1.21 1.33 No. of employees 14739 0 5852 179205 No. of branches 651 1262 446 10270 EPS on accounting year end 29.94 37.37 13.33 106.56 PAT/Total Income- There has been a constant increase in PAT/Total income in SBI Bank from 9.64 to 11.52 in last 5 years but HDFC and ICICI Banks show increase in 2005 and there a constant decrease in this ratio. ING-VYSYA Bank has a negative PAT/Total Income ratio of -3.17 in 2005 but it has recovered to 7.41 in 2008. Quick Ratio- There has been a constant increase in quick ratio in HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, ING-VYSYA Bank in last 5 years but increase in SBI Ban k as more inventories and even liabilities has increased. Current Ratio- There has been a constant increase in quick ratio in HDFC Bank and a fluctuation of increase-decrease in ICICI and ING-VYSYA Banks but has shown an increase in last 2 years. But this ratio has declined in SBI Bank from 1.73 to 1.60 last year. Debt Equity Ratio ICICI Bank plans to finance its expansion plans over the next few years by raising capital through equity, and not debt and there is a constant decrease in this ratio from 4.86 to 1.85 where there has been a constant increase in SBI Bank from .85 to 1.49 since last 5 years. No. of Employees- There has been a cut in no. of employees in SBI banks from 207039 in 2004 to 179205 in 2008 but still it has the highest employees and a constant increase in no. of employees in rest banks but HDFC has a drastic increase in their numbers from 5673 to 37836 employees in last 5 years. No. of Branches- The no. of branches has increased in all the banks and t he SBI has the highest of about 10270 branches Return on Equity Despite the decline in returns on equity in 2004-05, SBI generated healthy returns on equity in 2008. 6.4 Stock Market Performance The five key players stock price performance is as follows: ( Source- CMI Data Base- Prowess ) Till February 2009, SBI has highest stock price of Rs 1194 which is a public sector bank and HDFCs stock price is Rs 945.5 which is a private sector bank. ICICI Bank and PNB Bank has similar stock price performance as Rs 434 and Rs 409 respectively. ICICI Bank has slight higher stock price as compared to PNB Bank. ING-VYSYA Bank has least stock price as compared to all these banks of Rs 134.55. STOCK RATIOS  P/E P/B Yield EPS H D F C Bank Ltd. 19.29 3.05 0.9 49.02 I C I C I Bank Ltd. 11.61 0.98 2.53 37.41 I N G Vysya Bank Ltd. 7.56 0.88 1.11 17.79 State Bank Of India 9.46 1.37 1.8 126.24 HDFC Bank has highest price per earning (P/E) ratio and price per book value (P/B) ratio of 19.29 and 3.05 as compared to other banks. ICICI Bank has highest yield ratio of 2.53 and SBI has highest earning per share (EPS) of 126.24 which is quite higher as compared to other banks. INDUSTRY OUTLOOK The banking industry in India seems to be unaffected from the global financial crises which started from U.S in the last quarter of 2008. Despite the fallout and nationalization of banks across developed economies, banks in India seems to be on the strong fundamental base and seems to be well insulated from the financial turbulence emerging from the western economies. The Indian banking industry is well placed as compare to their banking industries western counterparts which are depending upon government bailout and stimulus packages. The strong economic growth in the past, low defaulter ratio, absence of complex financial products, regular intervention by central bank, proactive adjustment of monetary policy and so called close banking culture has favoured the banking industry in India in recent global financial turmoil. The report Indian Banking Sector Forecast to 2012 contains comprehensive research and rational analysis on various segments, like assets size, income level and number of cardholders, in the Indian banking industry. It also analyzes the current performance and key market trends, and helps clients to understand various products available in the market and their future scope. 7. APPENDIX 7.1 International Conferences and Annual Meetings Global banking conference Retail bankers academy Conference on payment system in banks Emerging issues and opportunity conference for Indian banks First global conference on legal and accounting process outsourcing